Two critical factors that she looked at during her research included how responsive parents were to their children and the demands that they placed upon their children. Authoritarian parents were described as have high demands, but low responsiveness.
Authoritative parents, on the other hand, had high demands and expectations of their children, but were also highly responsive. Finally, permissive parents were described as being low on both demandingness and responsiveness. Learn more about her life, her theories, and her influence on psychology and our understanding of parenting styles. As a teen, Diana attended supplementary night classes on topics such as philosophy and economics and joined the Communist party. Baumrind married prior to starting graduate school in She studied developmental, social, and clinical psychology at Berkeley.
She earned her A. Baumrind pursued a career in research in part because it offered the flexible hours she needed to raise her three daughters. Around , she began working at the Berkeley Institute of Human Development, where she continued to work for the rest of her career. Baumrind conducted extensive research on parenting practices, looking particularly at parental responsiveness and parental demandingness. Her research involved observing and interviewing primary school children in their natural environments and conducting parental interviews.
Based on her observations, she concluded that there were three different styles of parenting: authoritarian high demandingness, low responsiveness , authoritative high demandingness, high responsiveness , and permissive low demandingness, high responsiveness.
Baumrind is also known as a vocal critic of the use of deception in psychology research, which she view as damaging to participants, to society, and to psychology itself. However, some of her writings have become quite famous and can be very informative, even for parents who don't necessarily agree with her viewpoints. These two articles earned Baumrind recognition within the field of parenting.
They introduced the three parenting styles and examined the effects that these child-rearing practices have on behavior. These articles outline a very detailed study contrasting self-reliant, mature, trusting, and content children with those who were distrustful, unhappy, immature, and dependent.
By observing the various parenting styles, Baumrind looked at the relationship between development and parental control. Factors discussed included punishment, authority, freedom and autonomy, self-regulation, and fear. The article concludes with the observation that the authoritative parenting style is the perfect balance and the best approach for both the parents and children. This article summarizes a study that looked at the relationship between income level and child abuse or maltreatment.
Baumrind observed several families, taking into account finances, maternal youth, marital status, foster care, and personality. The article also covers the psychological characteristics of abusive parents, although much of her research concludes that poverty is the strongest determining factor for maltreatment. This is a book about raising "good kids", with the definition of "good" being empathetic, altruistic, moral, competent, and having strong consciences.
Five parenting experts have taken all their years of research and knowledge and put it together to make a manual that parents can use to help "maximize their children's potential" for becoming self-confident, fair, and giving individuals.
Diana Baumrind has contributed a chapter on authoritative parenting and how this method can lead to character and competence in children. This article is the summary of a study involving children who were observed at ages 4, 10, and 15 to determine the effects of parenting styles on their development, particularly the likelihood of substance use. Various family types were included - authoritative, democratic, directive, non-directive, unengaged - and it was found that children from authoritative and democratic homes were more mature, optimistic, and had more positive attitudes about their parents.
These children were also less likely to become involved in deviant behavior such as alcohol or drug use. In this article, Baumrind readdresses her earlier views on physical discipline.
Again, she states that one extreme or the other is not beneficial. A parenting approach that uses strict corporal punishment can lead to as many problems as one that includes indulgent permissiveness. Her solution? Balance is the best! Baumrind takes into account historical and cultural factors, as well as family situations and stages of development.
Want to stay in touch and get the latest news? Sign up for my free newsletter. Life with kids may feel like the greatest gift you have ever received, while at the same being hugely challenging, often leaving you confused, stressed and overwhelmed.
When we feel like this, we've lost touch with ourselves. We can't hear our own inner voice, and it's difficult to know what is 'right' for us and how to act. I offer in-depth parent coaching to help you regain your balance and get back in touch with yourself. From a place of inner peace and clarity, your will find your own answers which will help you reconnect with your child from a place of unconditional love and acceptance.
Read more about my parent coaching here. Go to the Positive Parenting Ally Homepage. Parent Coaching with Birgitte Coste. Read about positive parenting. Read about attachment parenting. Read about unconditional parenting. Read about spiritual parenting. In this article on Baumrind, you'll get: A biography on Baumrind Insights into her definition of the famous 3 parenting styles Criticism of Baumrind's parenting styles and her acceptance of spanking A list of books and articles by Baumrind A Quick Intro into Demandingness and Responsiveness After much research and observation, Baumrind recognized that it is not just what you do, but how you do it , that impacts your children.
In This Pendulum of Theories, Diana Baumrind Proposed a Balance of Ideas Baumrind suggested that "good" parenting should not be one or the other, but rather the ideal balance of both "responsiveness" and "demandingness". The Diana Baumrind Biography Diana Baumrind was born on August 23, , the oldest of two daughters in a middle class family living in one of New York's small Jewish neighborhoods.
Spokesman for Higher Research Ethics Baumrind is also well-known for her work in the area of research ethics. Still Going Strong Although she is in her 80s, Diana still remains very active in the field of parenting, heading the Family Socialization Project at IHD, sitting on the editorial board for the international journal Parenting: Science and Practice , and acting as a consultant for the Task Force on Corporal Punishment for the American Psychological Association.
Baumrind's Theories and Contributions Since the s, Diana Baumrind has been very influential in the field of parenting. Basically, Diana States that Parenting Is a Combination of Two Factors: Responsiveness - how well parents respond to their children's needs Demandingness - the level of maturity or responsibility parents expect from their children at different points of development The parenting styles are really based on various combinations of these factors.
Authoritarian - high level of demandingness with a low level of responsiveness. This type of parenting is very rigid, behavior-based, and controlling. Child development: A thematic approach 5 th ed. Baumrind, D. Search this site. Life Span Development - 19 Psychologists Project. Albert Bandura. Carol Gillian. Diana Baumrind. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. Erik Erikson. Stanley Hall.
Harry Harlow. Jean Piaget. John Bowlby. Judith Harris.
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